The conversation surrounding psychedelics has gained significant momentum in recent years, sparking both excitement and concern. While there are legitimate fears based on real risks, many misconceptions persist. This article aims to clarify the difference between genuine concerns and myths, while also offering guidance on how to minimise legitimate risks when using psychedelics responsibly.
Legitimate Fears
Bad Trips
A "bad trip" refers to a challenging psychedelic experience that can range from mild anxiety to extreme paranoia and frightening hallucinations. These negative experiences often stem from a combination of poor preparation, the wrong setting, or an unsuitable mindset. The intensity of a bad trip can vary, and it can leave lasting psychological impacts if not managed properly. Bad trips are more likely to occur when individuals take psychedelics in an environment where they do not feel entirely safe or comfortable, or when they are mentally unprepared for the experience. Stress, unresolved trauma, or anxiety about the experience can intensify these reactions. The key to reducing the likelihood of a bad trip is proper preparation, a supportive environment, and knowing your mental state before the journey begins.
Physical Safety Concerns
Psychedelics alter perception and can cause significant distortions in how individuals perceive their surroundings. This can impair motor coordination and spatial awareness, potentially leading to accidents, falls, or injuries—especially in environments where external dangers like traffic, cliffs, or bodies of water are present. Without a sober guide or trip sitter to ensure physical safety, individuals under the influence of psychedelics may not recognize dangerous situations or make clear decisions in their altered state.
Mental Health Risks
For those with a personal or family history of certain mental health disorders—particularly those related to psychosis, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder—psychedelics pose significant risks. Research indicates that psychedelics can exacerbate these conditions, potentially triggering episodes of psychosis or mania. Even in individuals without diagnosed mental health disorders, psychedelics can bring unresolved traumas or emotional issues to the surface, which, if not handled properly, can lead to emotional distress or confusion. It is critical that anyone with a mental health history consults a healthcare professional before engaging in psychedelic use.
Dosage Misunderstandings
Many people assume that the correct dosage of psychedelics is based on body weight, similar to other substances. However, with psychedelics, this is not the case. Dosage impacts the intensity of the experience more than other factors like weight or size, making it easy for inexperienced users to take too much, too quickly. A high dose can result in overwhelming hallucinations, panic, and confusion, while a low dose might lead to a less impactful experience that doesn’t fully engage the substance's potential for personal insight. Starting with a low, manageable dose is always advised, especially for those new to psychedelics.
Illegitimate Fears
"Brain Damage"
A persistent myth is that psychedelics cause brain damage or create "holes" in the brain. This is scientifically unfounded. Studies show that classic psychedelics like psilocybin, LSD, and DMT do not cause brain damage. On the contrary, research has demonstrated that psychedelics may actually promote neuroplasticity—the brain’s ability to form new neural connections, which can aid in healing from trauma, depression, or negative thought patterns.
Addiction
Another myth surrounding psychedelics is their potential for addiction. In contrast to substances like opioids, alcohol, or stimulants, classic psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline have a very low risk of addiction. They do not create compulsive drug-seeking behavior and, in fact, are often described as having an anti-addictive effect due to the intense nature of the experience, which can lead to lasting insights that reduce the desire for repetitive use. In fact, psychedelics are being researched for their potential to help treat addictions to other substances like nicotine and alcohol.
Permanent Hallucinations
The myth that one can get “stuck” in a trip indefinitely is largely exaggerated. While a small percentage of users may experience Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD), where visual disturbances persist after the trip, these cases are rare. The notion that a person could be permanently trapped in a psychedelic experience is a falsehood propagated by misinformation. When HPPD occurs, it typically resolves on its own, though support and therapeutic care can help manage symptoms.
Minimising Legitimate Fears
Set and Setting
One of the most important factors in ensuring a safe and positive psychedelic experience is controlling the "set" (mindset) and "setting" (environment). These two aspects have a profound impact on the nature of the trip. Having a calm, curious, and open mindset going into the experience is crucial for avoiding fear and paranoia. Equally important is ensuring that the physical setting is comfortable, safe, and free from potential hazards. Being surrounded by trusted individuals, especially a sober trip sitter, can greatly enhance the feeling of security, allowing the individual to fully explore the psychedelic experience without fear.
Dosage
Dosage control is another essential factor. If uncertain, always start with a lower dose, especially for first-time users. Purchasing substances from reputable or licensed vendors ensures quality control, but if that’s not possible, finding a service to test the potency and purity of the substance is vital. Using a digital scale that measures to the nearest 0.01g ensures precise dosing, especially with substances like psilocybin mushrooms or truffles. It's always better to take less than too much, as the experience can always be intensified later but is hard to reverse once the substance is in your system.
Preparation
Proper preparation is essential for any psychedelic journey. This involves mental and emotional readiness, understanding the effects of the substance, and having tools such as breathing exercises, grounding techniques, and an open, curious mindset. A well-prepared individual is more likely to have a positive, meaningful experience. It's also important to understand that different psychedelics affect individuals in various ways—research the specific substance you plan to take to know what to expect.
Trip Sitter or Guide
A sober, experienced individual to act as a trip sitter or guide can be an invaluable part of the psychedelic experience. This person’s role is to offer reassurance, monitor safety, and intervene if the trip becomes challenging. The guide should be someone you trust, who has their own experience with psychedelics, and who understands how to handle the emotional and psychological aspects of a psychedelic journey. Discuss any fears or needs with this person beforehand, ensuring that they are prepared to support you in any way necessary.
Mental Health Considerations
Never take psychedelics if you are on antidepressants or other mental health medications without consulting your healthcare provider. Additionally, avoid psychedelics if there is a history of psychosis or schizophrenia in your family. A responsible approach to psychedelics includes being honest with yourself and your healthcare provider about any mental health conditions that could affect your experience.
Conclusion
Psychedelics hold immense potential for personal growth, healing, and self-discovery, but they require a responsible and informed approach. By understanding the real risks, debunking myths, and taking appropriate safety precautions, individuals can navigate the psychedelic experience with greater confidence. Remember, preparation, mindset, and education are key to ensuring a safe and transformative journey.
